Cultivate

Honey Bees

February 24, 2019 By Zola Zeester Leave a Comment

There are about 20,000 known species of bees. Only 7 species are honey bees which includes 44 subspecies that can all be grouped into three branches: Micrapis (dwarf honey bees), Megapis (giant honey bee), and Apis (domestic honey bees and close relatives).

Humans have been collecting wild honey as far back as 10,000 years ago, and some time later, began learning how to manage wild bees (aka ‘domesticating’ bees) using artificial hives made from hollow logs, wooden boxes, pottery vessels, and woven straw baskets. It wasn’t until the 19th century that a better understanding of bee behavior and their colonies resulted in the invention and development of a revolutionary ‘moveable comb hive’ that allowed honey to be harvested without destroying the entire colony. Beekeeping really took off from there.

HOW BEES MAKE HONEY

Beekeeping is both an art and a science as well as a fascinating hobby. — A look inside beehive by Annie Spratt/Unsplash CC0

Bees make honey primarily from flower nectar, but they’ll use other plant saps as well as the sticky and sugary liquid (called ‘honeydew’) secreted by insects feeding on plants. The bee sucks the liquid up through its long, tube-like tongue (called a ‘proboscis’) and stores it in its honey sac, then adds special enzymes that convert the nectar into different types of sugars as the nectar begins to evaporate. The bee returns to the hive, places the nectar into the cells of the honeycomb, and uses its wings to further evaporate water from the nectar. Warm temperatures within a hive continue the evaporation, and when the water content of the nectar is good and low, the bees seal the cell with a wax capping using the beeswax produced from the special glands in the abdominal segments of worker bees. Simple as that!

A TASTE OF HONEY

Honey is one of the world’s oldest foods, and it’s become increasingly popular today among foodies as different color, texture and flavor varieties have become available and the nutritional value is recognized as an added bonus to the sweet taste sourced from nature. In fact, honey is super rich in nutrients (glucose, fructose and water) and contains at least 16 antioxidants, bioflavonoids, and other plant substances such as grains of pollen as well as small amounts of other sugars, vitamins, amino acids, minerals and enzymes. Adding to all that good stuff, honey, with its antibacterial properties and healing power, is an ancient remedy in the treatment of wounds, burns, skin ulcers and inflammations.

There are also more and more hobby beekeepers and small producers, making fresh, locally produced honey more available at farmers’ markets and speciality stores and offering shoppers a chance to taste unique honey as well as help support beekeeping sustainability with a purchase. And now– incredibly, there’s a website to help you find locally produced honey anywhere in the world. GO TO → Local Honey Finder. The National Honey Board (USA agricultural promotion group) also has a Honey Locator Map for all 50 states, Puerto Rico, Canada and Germany. Try them both to find all the best spots for locally produced honey. (Tip – Call & verify online info before you take off for a new honey hole.)

IS BEEKEEPING THE RIGHT HOBBY FOR YOU?

If you’re thinking about beekeeping in Nepal, decide only after you’ve watched the video The Last Honey Hunter (Behind the Scenes). Two American photographers/climbers capture the harrowing process of harvesting honey from large hives of the Himalayan giant honey bee from under overhangs on the faces of vertical cliffs.

Beekeeping is both an art and science as well as a fascinating hobby. It also requires commitment and some know-how. Fortunately, you don’t have to be a rock climber, but there are a few things you should consider before embarking on a beekeeping venture:

Beekeeping requires commitment and know-how, but there are resources and local clubs to help the beginner beekeeper get started. — Beekeeper by Annie Spratt/Unsplash CC0

Allergies to bee stings. Anaphylaxis is a severe, potentially life-threatening allergic reaction. If you’re allergic to bee stings, this is not the hobby for you as a sting or two is inevitable in beekeeping. But, you can become an ‘arm chair beekeeper’ as well as help support environmental and education projects for research into sustainability of honey bees. [Go to → British Beekeepers Association Adopt a Beehive] You can also help bees by providing water and bee-loving flowering plants in an out-of-the-way spot within your backyard garden. [How to create an oasis for bees – Plant a Bee Garden]

Rules and Requirements. Check local ordinances, zoning regulations and homeowners association rules for beekeeping restrictions and requirements in your area, and talk to your neighbors to make sure bees would be welcomed in the neighborhood.

Local beekeepers association — Always the best information resource for honey lovers as well as beginner beekeepers. [Check out this → interactive map to find local beekeeping associations in USA and Canada, and the British Beekeepers Association online search tool to find local organizations within the UK → search UK. In Australia, find a club via the Amateur Beekeepers Association → find a local club. In New Zealand, search using a club map → here. If you reside in other areas of the world, there’s a good chance you’ll find helpful information for locating a nearby organization at this resource page → Honey Traveler – Beekeeping Associations, Journals & Magazines]

Beekeeping class. You’ll benefit from an introductory course that provides a basic understanding of beekeeping before you make a big investment in time and money. Most often you’ll find classes offered by local beekeeper associations or community groups, but there are online courses, too. For example, comprehensive online lessons and step-by-step basics (including videos) by Brushy Mountain Bee Farm are free → BEE Educated], and in the video series NATURAL BEEKEEPING, beekeeper Jerry Dunbar explains and demonstrates the entire beekeeping process, including establishing a new hive, monitoring and maintaining beehive health, harvesting honey, and transforming other products from the hive into useful healthy products humans can use.

Study Up. Do some online research and read books and magazines to learn more about bees and beekeeping. THE BACKYARD BEEKEEPER by Kim Flottum is a popular handbook filled with expert advice for urban and rural beekeepers at every skill level. There are also video documentaries that showcase bees and beekeeping around the globe. HONEY HUNTERS is a breathtaking documentary (the photography is amazing) that takes you from the perilous hills of Nepal to Paris rooftops for a look at some of the extreme methods involved in protecting bees and harvesting honey.

Resources/Information:
Definition and Uses of Honey, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Honey: Its medicinal property and antibacterial activity by Manisha Deb Mandal and Shyamapada Mandal (Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine, April 1, 2011)
Beekeeping and Sustainability – Bees For Development
The Forest Beekeepers of Zanzibar, In Pictures (August 27, 2018) – Decades of intense farming has stripped much of the land, but reforestation programs are underway, and bees are helping by pollinating the plants and providing additional income to farmers from the sale of honey.
Massive Loss of Thousands of Hives Afflicts Orchard Growers and Beekeepers, NPR, The Salt (February 19, 2019) – Chemicals, loss of wildflowers, climate change, nutrition and viruses all affect the health of honey bees, but in 2019, a deadly parasite called the varroa mite is the cause of devastating losses of honey bee colonies. Many US beekeepers have lost half their hives, some as many as 80%.
Honey Bees and Beekeeping – Wikipedia

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Feature photo is courtesy of Jenna Lee/Unsplash CC0
Taste of Honey photo courtesy of Tookapic/Pexels CC0

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Creature Comforts

December 5, 2018 By Zola Zeester 2 Comments

We all need a safe, comfortable place to call home, and wildlife is no exception. Animals and birds need cover to protect against inclement weather and predators, and that can be difficult to find in your neighborhood without a little help from humans. Here are some ideas for creating wildlife homes in your backyards and gardens:

ROOSTING BOX

The birds that hang around instead of migrating south for the winter must hunt for a good spot to stay warm. A roosting box is specially designed to provided needed shelter for birds during the long, cold winter nights. Set one of these up, and make a bunch of birdies very happy.

BAT HOUSE

Bats do more good for our world than most people realize; eating insects, pollinating cactus and agave plants, and providing farmers nutrient-rich fertilizer via bat guano. Yet, bats are vulnerable to extinction as they are slow reproducing mammals and are threatened by climate change, deforestation, hunting, wind turbines and fungal infection.

By installing a bat house in your backyard, you’ll provide grateful bats a place to roost and a female bat a safe, warm place to raise a young, healthy pup.

TOAD HOUSE

Toads like to hang out in leaves and undergrowth and chow down on insects, but they also need a place to escape from sun and predators. Toad houses make the perfect little hide-away as well as add a little character to your outdoor space.

SQUIRREL HOUSE

Where there are birds, there will be squirrels eating from bird feeders and taking over bird houses. Giving squirrels a special place to call home will give them cover from weather and predators, and just maybe keep them away from bird sanctuaries.

NANCY’S BIRD BUTTER

In winter, food for wild things often becomes scarce. You can help backyard birds with full, easy to find feeders, and by offering foods high in fat and calories that provide the energy required to keep birds warm.

Nancy (@nk03262) shared her Nancy’s Bird Butter recipe in a 1/12018 post. It’s perfect winter bird food— “good for the birds and your soul”.

• Melt 16 oz lard and 2 cups crunchy peanut butter in the microwave in microwave safe bowl (mine takes 3 to 4 minutes on High to melt). It’s hot – Be carefull removing bowl.

• While the melt is happening — Mix 4 cups quick oats, 4 cups cornmeal, 2 cups flour, and 2/3rds cup sugar. Stir this mixture into the melted lard and peanut butter.

• Spread into a disposable 9 X 13 aluminum pan, and place in freezer. When solid, remove and let soften a bit, and then cut into 6 squares. Store squares in zip locs in freezer.

• Place one in a square suet feeder in your yard, and watch our feathered friends come with open beaks and gratitude, especially in winter.

• To keep squirrels out of the bird feeders, you need the right equipment, e.g. pole mount, wrap-around baffle and hanging baffle.

We’d love to hear from you! If you’d like to comment on this article, join the conversation, or share your inspiration, and you have not yet registered as an On2In2™ playmaker, please sign up via the ‘Engage page’. Don’t worry, it’s pretty quick and easy (unless you’re a robot).

Feature squirrel photo is courtesy of Pixabay/Pexels CC0

Cookie Crunch

December 1, 2018 By Zola Zeester 1 Comment

Traditions of cookie decorating can be traced back to the Middle Ages, and got a start in North America during the 17^th century with the introduction of cookie cutters, molds and holiday decorating by Dutch and German settlers. About 200 years later, decorating cookies for Christmas gained popularity in America as more German-imported cookie cutters became available and cookbooks featured cookies cut in holiday inspired shapes sparked creativity in home kitchens. Today, the popularity of cookie decorating continues to grow during holidays throughout the world with all sorts of creations.

This holiday season, Zandy R (@pillbug) has been working on a cookie cookbook and experimenting with different iced cookie recipes and techniques (sugar cookie cut-outs decorated with royal icing). You can do it, too. Here are her cookie decorating tips:

• Use your favorite sugar cookie and royal icing recipes, try something new or go nostalgic with a family recipe. Find Zandy R’s (@pillbug) absolute favorite sugar cookie and royal icing recipes here → Roll & Cut Sugar Cookies. If this is your first cookie decorating adventure, best to do a little research before starting. The Complete Photo Guide to Cookie Decorating by Autumn Carpenter

• It helps (a lot) to have the right equipment. To decorate cookies with royal icing, you’ll need piping bags and/or squeeze bottles (a bunch, if using different colors) and a small offset spatula or rounded butter knife (to help spread the icing). Also, toothpicks come in handy for tiny, precision work.

See Zandy’s favorite cookie baking tools below. The stainless steel rolling pin eliminates the sticky dough problem by keeping the dough cool, the battery-powered sifter is genius, the 4-tier cooling rack is a great space saver during mega cookie baking projects, and the Kitchen Aid mixer—well, that’s really a dream machine. For more information on any item, click/tap on the photo within the in the ad, and there’s a search box to help you find anything else your heart desires.

• Roll out cookie dough with a chilled rolling pin to avoid sticking. Have fun cutting out a variety of cookie shapes Holiday Cookie Cutters

• After cookies are baked and cooled, keep at least overnight (loosely covered with a sheet of parchment paper) before decorating.

• If using royal icing (as Zandy R did for her cookies), there are no quick short-cuts. Let each application dry before applying the next one. Check out Betty Crocker’s advice for decorating cookies with icing ⇒ here

• It’s a creative process of experimentation and experience, and that takes time and patience. Don’t be afraid to try different techniques and colors because you’ll get better and better the more you decorate.

• When something goes wrong and you totally mess up a cookie, eat it immediately.

This page includes affiliate links to a shop website. If you purchase a product or service directly through the link, Zeester Media LLC may earn a small commission. This in no way affects the price you pay for the purchase.

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Feature photo courtesy of Gratisography CC0

Chrysanthemum

November 13, 2018 By Zola Zeester Leave a Comment

Across a waste of moorland, bleak and bear,
A lonely bird is flying, calling low—
The last of all the feathered host to go,
And loth to leave still lingers, calling, there
Within my silent garden-passes, where
The flowers are withered that in summer blow,
I walk with murmuring ghosts, that to and fro
Sway gently in the chill November air;

When, lo! I mark a little way apart
The sovereign glory of this waning year
That now, alone, unheralded hath come,
In gorgeous robes — alas, my fickle heart
Forgets the dead, and laughs that she is here,
The royal queen of fall, Chrysanthemum.

“Chrysanthemum” by Albert Bigelow Paine (Rhymes by Two Friends, 1893)

Júhuā

Chrysanthemum was first cultivated as a flowering herb in China more than 3,000 years ago, and is a symbolic and therapeutic element of Chinese and East Asia traditions, culture and art.

Chinese scholars and poets frequently praise the chrysanthemum in ancient writings as a noble flower of elegance and strength, beautifully flowering during the cold days of autumn and early winter. It’s also designated as one of the Four Gentlemen, or Noble Ones, four plants depicted in Chinese art ‘bird and flower’ painting as far back as the Song dynasty (960 -1279), and later used by other artists in East Asia to represent the four seasons: orchid (spring); bamboo (summer); chrysanthemum (autumn); and plum blossom (winter).

Drinking chrysanthemum tea also dates back to the Chinese Song dynasty, and is still enjoyed today. It has a delicate floral aroma and light, refreshing taste, and is typically prepared by steeping dried flowers of Chrysanthemum morifolium or Chrysanthemum indicum in hot water, with sugar often added, and sometimes wolfberries (goji). The teapot of chrysanthemum flowers is customarily refilled with hot water several times during tea drinking, lightening the flavor and potency of the tea with each serving. While drinking chrysanthemum tea is believed to have cleansing and special healing properties, its effectiveness is uncertain, and it can cause side effects in some people. Therefore, best to consult your doctor before indulging. If you are allergic to ragweed, pregnant or nursing, avoid chrysanthemum tea and any type of supplement containing the flower.

Information/Resources:
You’ll find more history of chrysanthemum as well as planting/gardening information, tips and resources on the National Chrysanthemum Society (USA) website.
Be Careful – Chrysanthemums are toxic to dogs, cats and horses (Learn more about toxic plants ASPCA website)
General informational resource: Wikipedia – Chrysanthemum

See Spring Flowers blooming – right before your eyes

Football mums feature photo is courtesy of Erol Ahmed/StockSnap CC0
Chrysanthemum (1722-1735) Xian’e Changchun Album by Giuseppe Castiglione/Wikimedia PD Chrysanthemum tea photo courtesy of Ornella Binni/StockSnap CC0

Pumpkin Bread

November 6, 2018 By Zola Zeester 2 Comments

Since spotting the pumpkin bread recipe in a 1973 issue of Cosmopolitan Magazine, many loaves have been baked, eaten, and gifted by family and friends, and the recipe has been shared countless times because pumpkin bread is perfectly sweet and spiced with tastes of fall and winter holiday seasons and does not require special baking skills or technique (just a strong stirring arm). It freezes well, too. That means you can start baking now, and fill your kitchen with the aroma of delicious holiday happiness. Here’s an updated version of our long time favorite pumpkin bread recipe.

♥ Please share the joy.

PUMPKIN BREAD

INGREDIENTS

1/2 cup + 1 Tbsp Light Olive Oil (or ¾ cup margarine)*
2½ cups Sugar
4 Eggs
16 oz Puréed Pumpkin (canned or homemade from scratch)
2/3 cup Water
3½ cups Unbleached Flour
2 tsp Baking Soda
1½ tsp Salt
1½ tsp Baking Powder
1 tsp Cinnamon
1 tsp Ground Cloves
2/3 cup Chopped Walnuts or Pecans (optional)
1/2 cup Dried Fruit (optional) e.g. cranberries, cherries, golden raisins

*The original recipe called for margarine, but that was more than 40 years ago. Substituting olive oil is a contempo tweak.

ESSENTIAL EQUIPMENT

2 mixing bowls (1 large & 1 medium or small size)
1 or 2 spoons for mixing, wood or metal
1 whisk or a fork
2 loaf pans (approx. 8.5″x4.25″x2.75″) Only have one? Bake one at a time.
Measuring cups and spoons
Cake tester or skewer (wood or metal)
Cooling rack
Plastic wrap for keeping & freezer paper/plastic bags for storing in freezer

INSTRUCTIONS

• Preheat oven at 350°F/177°C, and prepare (grease & flour or spray with non-stick cooking spray) 2 loaf pans. You can use loaf pans made of any material (e.g, metal, glass, silicone), but using different types and sizes requires an adjustment of the baking time which you may have to do anyway as timing often varies with different ovens. Best advice to avoid a disaster, frequently check your pumpkin bread while baking, and don’t take out of the oven too soon or too late.

• In a large mixing bowl, lightly beat the eggs, then add the olive oil, water, pumpkin purée and sugar. Combine thoroughly. [If you are using margarine, first cream softened margarine & sugar in large bowl, add eggs one at a time, beating thoroughly, then mix in pumpkin purée and water.]

• In a separate, smaller sized bowl, combine the flour with all the other dry ingredients and spices.

• Stir the dry ingredients into the large mixing bowl of wet, pumpkin mixture, just a little at a time, and keep stirring until batter is thoroughly blended.

• If you’d like to add nuts and/or dried fruit, stir into the batter after it’s thoroughly blended.

• Pour batter into the prepared loaf pans.

• Bake for 1 hour+10 min @ 350°F. Check the pumpkin bread by inserting a cake tester stick or skewer in the center of each. Adjust time, if necessary. It’s ready to come out of the oven when the tester comes out clean.

• Cool on rack for 10-15 minutes before removing bread from loaf pan. Let loaves cool completely before wrapping tightly in plastic wrap. Pumpkin bread should keep a week in the refrigerator. If freezing, add another layer of wrapping (freezer paper or clear plastic freezer bags).

Another family favorite → German Chocolate Cupcakes

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Feature photo of baking table courtesy of Andy Chilton/StockSnap CC0
Pumpkin bread photo by Flickr user, Rebecca Siegel CC BY 2.0

Say Goodbye, Jack

October 29, 2018 By Zola Zeester

It’s fun while it lasts, but the job of protecting our homes against vampires and chasing off evil spirits is done after Halloween night…..What to do with all those jack-o’-lanterns? Rather than throwing an unwanted pumpkin in the trash, here are some tricks* that make good use of it and keep the treats coming a little while longer.

*Editor’s Note: Toxins in paint can be harmful to people and wildlife; therefore, these pumpkin recycling suggestions apply to jack-o’-lanterns and other pumpkins used for holiday decoration that have not been painted.

COMPOST IT

A fundamental of organic farming is a nutrient-rich compost that’s made of recycled and decomposed “green” waste materials, such as leaves, grass clippings, vegetable trimmings, and food waste.

Pumpkins breakdown and decompose quickly because they are 90% water. To avoid sprouting pumpkin plants in your compost pile, make sure all seeds have been removed from your jack-o’-lantern before throwing it in your compost bin. If you don’t compost, check with gardening friends and neighbors, community gardens and farms about donating pumpkins.

Starting a compost project at home, indoors or outside, is easy, good for your garden soil and the environment. For the best results, first read up on the basics [EPA website: “Composting at Home Basics “, and for more composting info & gardening tips, check out this ⇒ Book Selection ], and get the right equipment [Click here to see selection of handy kitchen food scrap bins and a variety of garden composters ⇒ SHOP ].

SEED & FEED

You’ve got to pull away the seeds from the stringy, slimy pumpkin flesh, rinse them off in a colander, then let dry a bit (not on paper or cloth because they’ll stick). You can, of course, roast the seeds for a crunchy snack as it’s easy enough to spread them on a baking sheet, coat with oil, sprinkle with seasonings, and bake in 350F/180C preheated oven for 10 minutes. However, there are probably some hungry birds outside. Why not give them a treat?

For the BIRDS: Take the clean, dry pumpkin seeds, don’t add a thing—no salt, oil, or seasoning, and no roasting, and simply place them outdoors on a flat surface, tray, or shallow bowl, or mix with commercial bird seed. Watch happy birds chow down.

For PLANTING: You can also save some of the pumpkin seeds for planting next spring. If your gardening space is limited or nonexistent, try growing pumpkin plants in 5-10 gallon buckets. Learn more about planting, growing and harvesting pumpkins from the Farmer’s Almanac.

CUT UP for CRITTERS

Animals (deer, rabbits, squirrels) enjoy eating pumpkin as much as we do. Just cut the pumpkin into pieces and leave outside (away from the house & best near trees) for your neighborhood wildlife. Easy!

Give the wild things in your backyard a cozy winter home
⇒ Ideas for creating wildlife homes

This page includes links to a shop website. If you purchase a product or service directly through a link, Zeester Media LLC may earn a small commission. This in no way affects the price you pay for the purchase.

Sad old jack-o’-lantern photo by Flickr user, Seth Halstead, CC BY-NC 2.0

Monarchs on the Move

September 27, 2018 By Zola Zeester 1 Comment

A UNA MARIPOSA MONARCA (To a Monarch Butterfly)
by Homero Aridjis (translated by George McWhirter)

Tu que vas por el día
como un tigre alado
quemándote en tu vuelo
dime qué vida sobrenatural
está pintada en tus alas
para que después de esta vida
pueda verte en mi noche

You who go through the day
like a winged tiger
burning as you fly
tell me what supernatural life
is painted on your wings
so that after this life
I may see you in my night

Don’t know why exactly, but there is something special about a monarch sighting. Maybe it’s the mystery of where it’s going, where it’s been, or the mystical legend of monarchs as returning spirits of deceased loved ones. But, to watch thousands of monarchs flying en masse………..well, you just have to see it!

The Wings of Life – Monarch Butterflies is a short video from Disneynature studio that captures in spectacular time-lapse/high speed/macro cinematography many thousands of monarchs wintering in Mexico, with close-up views of these amazing butterflies in action. The video documentary was directed by award-winning nature filmmaker, Louie Schwartzberg, and narrated by Meryl Streep.

Monarch Migration
–One of the most remarkable natural phenomena on Earth–

The monarch butterfly (Danaus plexippus) is an iconic pollinator species native to the New World where it can be found from southern Canada to northern South America. Monarchs can also be found hanging out in other parts of the world: Caribbean, Hawaii, Cook Islands, the Solomons, New Caledonia, Australia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, the Azores, Canary Islands, Gibraltar, the Philippines and North Africa, and they make an occasional visit to the UK as an ‘accidental migrant’ (displacement is caused by storms, high winds, swift currents). Bright orange coloring with black and white markings make monarchs easy to spot, but they are commonly misidentified as the smaller viceroy butterfly (Limenitis archippus), another North American butterfly with similar pattern and coloring.

A monarch’s life is spent on the move, and it’s complicated. Each year in late summer to early autumn, millions of monarchs migrate thousands of miles south from central and northern US states and southern Canada to Mexico, Florida and the coastal areas of southern and central California where they make a winter home in large clusters of colonies high within trees. Taking advantage of air currents and thermals and traveling only during daylight hours (roosting in clusters to stay warm at night), the trip takes about two months, covering 50-100 miles a day at a flight speed of about 5.5 mph (9 km/hr). In spring, they make the journey back north.

During the spring migration northward, the travel itinerary is quite different as monarchs mate and produce four generations along the way. The first three generations have life spans of only 2 – 6 weeks, but each continues mating and moving north. The fourth generation lives 6 – 8, sometimes 9 months, and is the generation of monarchs that will migrate south for the winter. No one really knows how these later generation monarchs navigate their way to a winter home they have never before visited. Clearly, they must rely on instincts rather than learning as the last generation with knowledge of the route is long dead. Some experts have determined that monarchs must be genetically programmed to migrate long distances and use some sort of biological sun and magnetic compasses as orienting tools.

No other butterfly is known to make an epic round-trip migration as the monarch does every year. While this makes the monarch extraordinarily unique, the long journeys also cause monarchs to be particularly vulnerable to climate conditions and human activities that disrupt and destroy their habitat. Consequently, their numbers have decreased significantly during the last 20 years (a decline of more than 80 percent over the past two decades), and there is great concern that monarch migration is at high risk of failure. Conservationists, scientists, and federal, state and local organizations in the United States, Mexico and Canada have begun efforts to stop the destruction before it’s too late, and yes— everyone can do something to help monarchs and have fun doing it!

• Create a Monarch Habitat Make a special spot for monarchs. Maybe it’s just a small pot on your front steps, patio or balcony, a backyard garden, pasture, farm or ranch land. Plant milkweed and nectar plants that are native to your area and free of pesticides, insecticides and neonicotinoids.

• Help Scientists Study Monarchs

• Get Involved as a Community Join forces with friends, neighbors and colleagues to develop ‘monarch friendly’ landscaping at schools, businesses, community parks and gardens, and urban green spaces with native plants and wildflowers for monarchs.

• Garden Organically Using organic methods in your garden will reduce your impact on monarchs, their food plants and other pollinators.

• Support Conservation Efforts

• Spread the Word about Pollinators, Conservation, and How to Help It’s easy to get started with this one — Share this article with your friends!

Monarch travel many miles in migration, and there are things each of us can do to help monarchs survive the journey — Monarch on a Thistle, Lake of the Ozarks, by Sean Stratton/Unsplash CC0

References/Information Sources [To learn more about helping monarchs, check out these selected resources]:

Monarch Butterfly Basic Facts, Defenders of Wildlife website

Monarch Migration, University of Minnesota website, Biology & Research

Migration and Overwintering, USDA Forest Service website

Monarch Butterfly Migration Interactive Map It’s fun to keep track of monarch migration. This interactive map has the best up-to-date info on Spring 2017 first sightings (January – July). Check it out, and report your sightings, too.

Monarch Migration Could Collapse as Population Remains Low, Center for Biological Diversity (March 5, 2018) More milkweed needed! The count of monarch butterflies overwintering in Mexico (released 3/5/18), shows a decrease from last year’s count, and “confirms the iconic orange and black butterfly is still very much at risk”.

The Monarch Butterfly is in Trouble —You Can Help! US Fish and Wildlife Service

“Monarchs Still Need Your Help” (Open Spaces, US Fish & Wildlife blog, 2/14/2017)

How to Build a Butterfly/Pollinator Garden in 7 Steps, US Fish and Wildlife Service (May 18, 2016). Regional Milkweed Planting Guide –The Xerces Society website

Study Monarchs: Citizen Science Opportunities. How to help scientists count and track monarchs.

Monarch Butterfly Biosphere Reserve Located within rugged forested mountains about 64 miles (100 km) northwest of Mexico City, researchers first discovered monarchs overwintering within the area in 1975. It was designated a federal reserve in 1980 by presidential decree and a World Heritage Site in 2008.

WWF Monarch Butterfly Tours – Ecotours of central Mexico provide an opportunity to observe and photograph large colonies of monarchs at their remote winter roosting sites in the highlands of central Mexico. “The Kingdom of the Monarchs” 2018 tour dates are scheduled January thru March.

Myth and Mystery in Mexico’s Monarch Kingdom, Good Nature Travel (October, 2009)

“Migration: The Biology of Life on the Move” by Hugh Dingle (Oxford University Press, 2014)

Nature is full of extraordinary sights to experience and explore, and talented photographers bring it all to life on your screen. You’ll be amazed!

Watch and discover Natural Beauty via On2In2™ selected videos.
Free to Watch – On Demand

Feature photo of monarch butterfly is courtesy of Pixabay/Pexels CC0

Home Brew

April 4, 2018 By Zola Zeester Leave a Comment

It was a wise man who invented beer—Plato

Beer has been brewing on this planet for many thousands of years, believed to have started at the time cereal grains were first farmed (≅ 9500 BC), and is considered by some historians to be nutritional refreshment integral to the establishment of ancient civilizations and development of technologies. About 3000 BC, domestic brewing expanded throughout Europe by Germanic and Celtic tribes. The first record of hops as an ingredient in brewing was much later in Europe 822.

Today, beer ranks third (behind water and tea) as the most widely consumed beverage throughout the world, and is sometimes referred to as “liquid bread” as it can contain good amounts of nutrients, including B vitamins, magnesium, selenium, potassium, phosphorus, biotin, and chromium. However, the main active component of beer is alcohol, and that cancels out nutritional benefits when more than small quantities are consumed and creates long and short term health risks as does all alcoholic drinks.

Beer Making @ Home

Homebrewing is legal in most countries, but best to research prior to embarking on your beer making adventure as there are some prohibitions as well as limitations and restrictions. In the United States, federal laws restricting homebrewing were repealed in 1978; however, states and local governments retain the authority to enact homebrewing laws and regulations.

Brewing your own beer instead of buying a couple of six-packs can save some money, but the primary reason there are so many homebrewers is that it is just a lot of fun cooking up different and unique types, styles and flavors. You can give it a go (or inspire a friend) for less than $35 with Stephen and Erica’s Everyday IPA Beer Making Kit. It’s perfect for brewing beginners, and makes 1 gallon of 6.8% Alcohol-by-Volume beer (9-10 12-oz bottles) with a taste that harmonizes fragrant grapefruit with bright bitterness, making it great for hop heads as well as first time IPA drinkers. They’ve also published a book that includes 52 recipes for small batches “Brooklyn Brew Shop’s Beer Making Book“. But, before you jump in, recommend you watch the video Brooklyn Brewing for inspiration. Prost!

Information/Resources:
Wikipedia: Beer, Fermination, Homebrewing
Homebrewing Laws Worldwide, by Lyonette “Lyo” Louis-Jacques, Slaw (Canadian online legal magazine), November 20, 2013
US federal and state law information: Statutes by State (Although home brewing is legal under both federal and state law in the US, each state may regulate alcohol and the state laws relating to home brewing vary widely.)
Step-by Step Tutorials, Learn to make beer, cider and mead, American Homebrewers Association
Find a Homebrew Club, Search for local homebrew clubs using this worldwide database of over 1,700
Homebrew Con, June 28 – 30, 2018, Oregon Convention Center, Portland, Oregon (America’s largest gathering on home brew hobbyists with educational sessions, expo and social activities)

This book by James Morton “Brew: The Foolproof Guide to Making World Class Beer at Home” will take your brewing skills to another level of taste. Click/Tap on the “Brew” book image to check it out and purchase.

Feature photo: The “Toast” to beer feature photo is courtesy of Wil Stewart/Unsplash. German culture requires a personal toast to each and every person at the table prior to drinking even one small sip of alcohol, and failure to do so is considered rude and bad luck.

*This page includes affiliate links to Amazon shop website. If you purchase a product or service directly through the link, Zeester Media LLC may earn a small commission. This in no way affects the price you pay for the purchase.

Backyard Birding

March 18, 2018 By Zola Zeester 3 Comments

You don’t have to travel or hike for miles to enjoy birdwatching. There’s plenty of great birding in your backyard, and you can attract even more birds by creating a garden sanctuary filled with the food, water, shelter and nesting sites birds need throughout the year. Moreover, tired, hunger birds face many dangers during migration and nesting season, and your bird-friendly backyard can be a life saver.

First, choose backyard plants wisely as they are a source of food (bugs, fruit, nuts & seeds, nectar) and shelter for birds in your neighborhood. Use this resource link to find the best plants for birds in your area ⇒ Native Plants for Birds

Don’t have a backyard?–no problem. You can attract birds to your balcony or patio with a bird-friendly container garden (here’s how ⇒ Get Started and Wildlife-friendly Planters, Hanging Baskets and Window Boxes)

FEEDING

Birds often have trouble finding enough calcium in their natural diet of seeds and insects, and they need even larger quantities of the mineral during nesting season. Providing calcium-rich food as a diet supplement for your backyard nesting birds will help in egg laying and chick development. Examples of good calcium supplement sources that are easy to place in your backyard: i) Feed birds dried mealworm; ii) Mix a small amount of crushed eggshells into bird seed or put eggshells from kitchen into compost pile or bin; iii) Provide a separate ‘grit’ dish away from bird feeders and fill with crushed oyster shell, dried finely-crushed gravel or mortar, sand, or wood ash from fireplace or fire pit (not chemically treated fire logs such as Duraflame).

You’ll be amazed at the variety of bird feeders available, and there are many options for those without a backyard or big outdoor space. Click/Tap this link to shop online ⇒ BIRD FEEDERS *

Heartland Gardener @nk03262 enjoys mixing up batches of her ⇒ ‘Nancy’s Bird Butter’ for backyard bird extra nutrition and love.

NESTING

Birds need a good location and the right materials to build nests. The best place for nesting, however, varies among different bird species — from trees, bushes, vines to right on the ground, and they creatively use building materials such as dried grass, twigs, sticks, wood chips, mud, animal hair, moss, lichens, spider silk, plant fibers, feathers, and just about anything else.

There are three types of nests: cup, platform and cavity. While ‘primary’ cavity nesting species (such as woodpecker) dig out their nest cavities, ‘secondary’ cavity nesters can’t do the digging; consequently, they must search for pre-existing cavities to nest (e.g., the Mountain Bluebird has historically used tree cavities previously excavated by woodpeckers). Nesting boxes* and bird houses help make a bird’s search for a nesting cavity a little easier by providing more nesting opportunities. Even better, you can create natural starter holes for these cavity seekers with a drill and a little know-how ⇒ Instructions HERE

Information/Resources:
How to Make Your Yard Bird-Friendly, the National Audubon Society website (April 6, 2016) – choosing plants, planning, preparing and caring for a bird habitat garden
Bird Notes: Creating a Garden For Birds, The Cornell Lab of Ornithology (No. 13, Catalogue No. 223)
Attracting Birds, The National Wildlife Federation
Plants for Wildlife – everything you need to know about making a home for nature in your large or small garden (The Royal Society for the Protection of Birds)
Common Nesting Birds, NestWatch (The Cornell Lab of Ornithology) – information by region on habitat, nesting type and location
Plants For Birds (Native Plant Data Base – National Audubon Society) Find the best plants for birds in your area
Ten Spring Migration Tips to Help Birds on their Way, American Bird Conservancy

The Backyard Bird-Lover’s Guide* is a colorful reference book by Jan Mahnken filled with information on bird territory, courtship, nesting, and parenting with detailed illustrations by Jeffrey C. Domm as well as tips to attract, feed and watch 135 American bird species. Click/Tap on the image of the book for more info and purchase. [*If you purchase this book or any product directly through an affiliate link to Amazon shopping located on this page, Zeester Media LLC may earn a small commission. This in no way affects the price you pay for the purchase.]

WATCH On2In2™

If you missed Amy Tucker’s , talk Birding Basics: Preparing Your Backyard for Nesting Season at the Fayetteville Arkansas Public Library on February 27, 2018, it’s not to late to watch a video recording. Just click/tap the “Watch Again” button or the video post on the video player below ↓

Hummingbirds are Fast and Fearless, and so much fun to watch

We’ve got a garden chat group & would love to hear from you! If you’d like to comment on this article or join the conversation going on at the Heartland Gardeners group, and you have not yet registered as an On2In2™ playmaker, please sign up via the ‘Engage page’. Don’t worry, it’s pretty quick and easy (unless you’re a robot).

Feature photo is courtesy of Irina Blok/Unsplash, CC0
Bird Nest photo is courtesy of Landon Martin/Unsplash, CC0

Creative Cultivation

January 12, 2018 By Zola Zeester Leave a Comment

WATCH LIVE & FREE On2In2™

On Saturday, January 13, 2018, Alice Waters, chef, restaurateur, advocate and author, got together to talk about soil and soil health with her friend, Bob Cannard, farmer and developer of the natural process approach to agriculture used at his Green String Farm. It’s a casual and fun discussion filled with helpful gardening information that inspires us all to grow and eat in a better way. If you missed the live stream broadcast of Dirt to Dish, there’s still time to watch a video recording of the entire program. Just click/tap the “Watch Again” button on the video player below ↓

Watch: The Agrarian Pursuits Channel – an On2In2™ collection of short video documentaries about the joy in growing, harvesting, creating and sharing. FREE to WATCH, On-Demand

Urban farmer, Heidi Kooy, shows us what can be accomplished with 1,000 square feet and a lot of ingenuity.

⇒ There’s more to see & do On2In2™

Join the Heartland Gardeners group. It’s an On2In2™ chat room for sharing info about your gardening activities, exchanging ideas, advice and tips, asking questions, and making new friends. All gardeners are welcome to join (no experience necessary), but you must be logged in as a registered user to join the group. Not registered? You can do that ⇒ Here. Then, click on “Groups” tab to find Heartland Gardeners.

Take a look at the Live Stream Program Guide

Search the MEDIA MIX category and PLAYLISTS in the main menu for live streaming, videos and music (all free to enjoy), and sign up for the On2In2™ newsletter to get a heads-up on future live streaming events and all other goings on.

Feature photo is courtesy of Skitterphoto/Pexels, CC0

Cultivate

Honey Bees

Creature Comforts

ROOSTING BOX

BAT HOUSE

TOAD HOUSE

SQUIRREL HOUSE

Cookie Crunch

Chrysanthemum

Júhuā

Chrysanthemum was first cultivated as a flowering herb in China more than 3,000 years ago, and is a symbolic and therapeutic element of Chinese and East Asia traditions, culture and art.

Pumpkin Bread

PUMPKIN BREAD

Say Goodbye, Jack

COMPOST IT

SEED & FEED

CUT UP for CRITTERS

Monarchs on the Move

Home Brew

Backyard Birding

Creative Cultivation

MUCH 2 SEE

THINGS 2 DO

PLACES 2 GO

PEOPLE 2 MEET

FOOD & DRINKS

JUST LAUGHS

Cultivate

ROOSTING BOX

BAT HOUSE

TOAD HOUSE

SQUIRREL HOUSE

Júhuā

Chrysanthemum was first cultivated as a flowering herb in China more than 3,000 years ago, and is a symbolic and therapeutic element of Chinese and East Asia traditions, culture and art.

PUMPKIN BREAD

COMPOST IT

SEED & FEED

CUT UP for CRITTERS

Footer

MUCH 2 SEE

THINGS 2 DO

PLACES 2 GO

PEOPLE 2 MEET

FOOD & DRINKS

JUST LAUGHS